Kumvetsetsa Concrete Admixtures - Zosakaniza za konkire ndi nkhani yovuta koma ndikofunikira kwambiri kumvetsetsa zomwe zosakaniza zilipo ndi zomwe amachita.
Ma Admixtures ndi zinthu zomwe zili mu konkriti zomwe siziri za hydraulic cementitious material, madzi, aggregates kapena fiber reinforcement zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zosakaniza zosakaniza za simenti kuti zisinthe mawonekedwe ake osakanikirana, okhazikika kapena owumitsidwa komanso omwe amawonjezedwa ku batch isanachitike kapena nthawi. kusakaniza.
Kuchepetsa madzi admixtures bwino pulasitiki konkire (yonyowa) ndi anaumitsa katundu, pamene anapereka-kulamulira admixtures ntchito konkire kuikidwa ndi kumalizidwa zina kuposa momwe akadakwanitsira kutentha.Zonse ziwiri, zikagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, zimathandizira kuti pakhale njira zabwino zopangira konkriti.

M'makampani amakono omanga, m'munsimu muli zosakaniza zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri za konkriti.
●Madzi kuchepetsa konkire admixtures
● Zosakaniza za konkire zapamwamba kwambiri
● Khazikitsani Kuchedwetsa konkriti admixtures
● Kufulumizitsa konkire admixtures
● Zosakaniza za konkire zopatsa mpweya
● Madzi Kukana konkire admixtures
●Mitondo yochedwa, yokonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito
● Zosakaniza za Konkire zopopera
● Kuwonongeka koletsa konkriti zosakaniza
● Zosakaniza za Konkriti za thovu

Madzi kuchepetsa konkire admixtures
Kuchepetsa madzi admixtures ndi madzi sungunuka zinthu organic, amene kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi zofunika kukwaniritsa anapatsidwa workability popanda kukhudza mpweya okhutira kapena kuchiritsa konkire.Iwo amagwira ntchito zitatu:
● Wonjezerani mphamvu ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu.
● Chuma pakupanga kaphatikizidwe komanso kuchepa kwa mpweya.
●Kugwira ntchito bwino.

Superplasticing konkire admixtures
High osiyanasiyana kuchepetsa madzi admixtures amatchedwa Superplasticing admixtures ndi kupanga, madzi sungunuka organic mankhwala, kawirikawiri ma polima, amene kwambiri kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi chofunika kukwaniritsa kugwirizana anapatsidwa pulasitiki konkire.
Iwo amachepetsa okhutira madzi popanda kuchepetsa mphamvu kwa mkulu ntchito zofunika.Amathandizanso kukhazikika.
High osiyanasiyana madzi kuchepetsa admixtures ntchito mofanana ndi 'Normal Water Kuchepetsa Admixtures, koma iwo ali amphamvu kwambiri mu simenti dispersing kanthu awo ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mlingo wapamwamba popanda zapathengo mavuto monga mpweya entrainment kapena retardation ya set.

Khazikitsani zosakaniza za konkriti zochedwetsa
Ma Set retarding admixtures ndi mankhwala osungunuka m'madzi omwe amachedwetsa kuyimitsa simenti.Sachita pulasitiki kwambiri ndipo sakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa pakufuna kwa madzi kapena zinthu zina za konkire.
Khazikitsani zosakaniza zochepetsera madzi osati kungochedwetsa kuyika kwa simenti komanso kumawonjezera kugwira ntchito poyambira konkriti kapena kuchepetsa kufunika kwa madzi.Zambiri mwazinthu zochepetsetsa zomwe zimapezeka pamalonda ndi zamtunduwu.
Kuchedwetsa kuchepetsa madzi ndi kuchepetsa zochepetsera madzi ochuluka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:
● Chepetsani nthawi yoyika konkriti
●Kupewa kupanga mafupa ozizira
●Wonjezerani mphamvu zogwirira ntchito poyamba
● Limbikitsani kusungika kwa konkire ku konkire Kuonjezera mphamvu zomaliza.
●Kupanga chuma mumitundu yosiyanasiyana
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti pamene retarder imafunika kusunga kugwa.Kuphatikizika kwa kusakaniza kochedwetsa sikungopangitsa kuti kusungika kocheperako komanso kusintha kwina kungafunike.

Kuchulukitsa konkriti admixtures
Kufulumizitsa admixtures angagwiritsidwe ntchito mwina kuonjezera mlingo wa stiffing / kukhazikitsa konkire kapena kuonjezera mlingo wa kuumitsa ndi koyambirira mphamvu kupeza kulola kale de-kuumba ndi kusamalira.Ma accelerator ambiri amapeza imodzi m'malo mochita zonsezi.
Ma Accelerators ndi othandiza kwambiri pa kutentha kwapansi.Set accelerators ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yoyendetsera nthawi ya konkriti yotere, ngakhale omwe ali ndi simenti m'malo.
Accelerators amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha kuwonongeka ndi kuzizira pamene concreting nyengo yozizira ndi kulola kuchotsa kale mawonekedwe ntchito koma tisaiwale kuti iwo si odana ndi kuzizira.Nkhope zowonekera za konkriti wokanthidwa ziyenerabe kutetezedwa ndikuchiritsidwa bwino.
Pakutentha koyenera, njira yabwinoko yolimbikitsira mphamvu yoyambilira ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito chochepetsera madzi ochuluka.
Kuchepetsa kwakukulu (kuposa 15%) mu chiŵerengero cha simenti yamadzi kumatha kupitirira kuwirikiza kawiri mphamvu pazaka zosakwana maola 24.Ma Accelerator angagwiritsidwe ntchito limodzi ndi superplasticisers (<0.35 w / c chiŵerengero) kumene mphamvu yaunyamata imafunika.Makamaka pa kutentha kochepa.Ngati pangafunike, kugwiritsa ntchito ma accelerator kumatha kuphatikizidwa ndi zochepetsera madzi osiyanasiyana kuti zipititse patsogolo kukula kwamphamvu koyambirira pakutentha komanso kutentha.
Ntchito zina zofulumizitsa zosakaniza zikuphatikiza kukonza konkire mwachangu komanso ntchito yoteteza panyanja kuti konkire iwumitsidwe msanga m'dera la mafunde.

Zosakaniza za konkriti zopatsa mpweya
Zosakaniza za Air Entraining ndi mankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito pamtunda omwe amachititsa kuti tinthu ting'onoting'ono ta mpweya tipangidwe mofanana kudzera mu kusakaniza konkire.Ma thovu ambiri amakhala pansi pa 1 mm m'mimba mwake ndi gawo lalikulu kukhala pansi pa 0.3 mm.
Ubwino wolowetsa mpweya mu konkriti ndi monga:
●Kuchulukirachulukira kwa kuzizira ndi kusungunuka
●Kulumikizana kwakukulu komwe kumapangitsa kuti magazi azichepa komanso kusakanikirana.
● Kuphatikizika bwino muzosakaniza zochepa zogwirira ntchito.
● Amapereka kukhazikika kwa konkire yotulutsidwa
● Imathandiza kuti matope ofunda azitha kulumikizana bwino komanso kuti azigwira bwino ntchito.
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Madzi kukana konkire admixtures
Zosakaniza zosakanizidwa ndi madzi zimatchedwa kuti 'kutsekereza madzi' ndipo zimatha kutchedwa kuti permeability reduction'.Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikuchepetsa kuyamwa kwamadzi mu konkire ndi / kapena njira yamadzi kudzera mu konkire yowuma.Kuti izi zitheke, zinthu zambiri zimagwira ntchito imodzi kapena zingapo mwa njira izi:
● Kuchepetsa kukula, chiwerengero ndi kupitiriza kwa mapangidwe a pore capillary
● Kutsekereza pore ya capillary
● Kumanga ma capillaries ndi hydrophobic material kuti madzi asakokedwe ndi kuyamwa / kuyamwa kwa capillary.
Zosakaniza za 'kutsekereza madzi' izi zimachepetsa kuyamwa komanso kutsekemera kwamadzi pochita zinthu za capillary za phala la simenti.Iwo sangachepetse kwambiri kulowa kwa madzi kudzera m'ming'alu kapena kudzera mu konkire yosakanizidwa bwino zomwe ndi zifukwa ziwiri zodziwika bwino za kutayikira kwamadzi m'mapangidwe a konkire.
Zosakaniza zotsutsana ndi madzi zasonyezedwa kuti zimachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa zitsulo zolimbitsa zitsulo mu konkire zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi malo achiwawa koma izi zimagwirizana ndi mitundu yosakanikirana kapena mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zosakaniza zosakanizidwa ndi madzi zimakhala ndi ntchito zina kuphatikiza kuchepetsa efflorescence, zomwe zitha kukhala vuto linalake muzinthu zina zotsogola.

Wochedwa, wokonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito matope
Mitondo Yochedwa Yokonzeka Kugwiritsidwa Ntchito imakhazikitsidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa matope opangira matope (mpweya wolowetsa mpweya / pulasitiki) ndi chowumitsa matope.Kuphatikizikaku kumasinthidwa kuti kusungidwe nthawi yayitali, nthawi zambiri kwa maola 36.Komabe, pamene matope aikidwa pakati pa mayunitsi oyamwa amiyala, kuyika kumafulumizitsa ndipo matopewo amakhala bwino.
Katunduyu amathandizira kuperekedwa kwa dothi kumalo omangira ndi ogulitsa omwe ali okonzeka ndipo amapereka zabwino zotsatirazi:
● Ulamuliro wotsimikizika wa khalidwe losakanikirana
● Mpweya wokhazikika komanso wokhazikika
●Kusunga (kugwirira ntchito) (mpaka maola 72.)
●Kuchuluka kwa zokolola
● Amathetsa kufunikira kwa zosakaniza ndi kusunga zinthu pamalopo
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Zoletsa pakugwiritsa ntchito matope otsala pang'ono kugwiritsiridwa ntchito pomanga ndi kumasulira osayamwa, zofotokozedwa m'ndime 4.6 ndi 4.7, ziyenera kudziwidwa.

Zosakaniza za konkire zopopera
Konkire yopopera imapopedwa mpaka pomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo kenako imayendetsedwa ndi pneumatic m'malo mothamanga kwambiri.Mapulogalamuwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ofukula kapena pamwamba ndipo izi zimafuna kuumitsa msanga ngati kugwa kapena kutaya mwa konkire kumachotsa gawo lapansi pansi pa kulemera kwake kuyenera kupewedwa.Popanga tunneling, konkire yopopera nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka chithandizo choyambirira ndipo izi zimafunikira kukulitsa mphamvu koyambirira komanso kuumitsa mwachangu.
Admixtures angagwiritsidwe ntchito mwatsopano konkire kupereka bata ndi kulamulira hydration isanayambe kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.Kenako powonjezera kuphatikizika kofulumira pamphuno yopopera, ma rheology ndi kuyika konkriti amawongoleredwa kuti awonetsetse kuti gawolo limakhala lokwanira pagawo laling'ono lokhala ndi zinthu zochepa zosamangika zomwe zimayambitsa kuyambiranso.
Pali njira ziwiri:
● Njira youma pomwe madzi osakaniza ndi accelerator amawonjezeredwa kusakaniza kowuma pamatope
●utsi pamphuno.
● Njira yonyowa pomwe matope kapena konkire amasakanikirana ndi stabilizer / retarder isanachitike
●kupopera ku nozzle komwe chowonjezeracho chimawonjezedwa.

Njira yonyowa yakhala njira yosankha posachedwapa chifukwa imachepetsa kutulutsa fumbi, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimabwereranso ndipo zimapereka konkriti yoyendetsedwa bwino komanso yosasinthika.

Kuwonongeka koletsa konkriti zosakaniza
Kumvetsetsa Concrete Admixtures - Kudziletsa kuletsa zosakaniza kumawonjezera kukhazikika kwa kulimbikitsa ndi zitsulo zina zomata muzinthu za konkriti.Izi zitha kulepheretsa dzimbiri kwa nthawi yayitali pomwe kupitilira kukanatayika chifukwa cha chloride ingress kapena carbonation.
Zosakaniza zoletsa kuwononga konkriti zomwe zimawonjezeredwa ku konkire panthawi yopanga zimatchedwa "integral" corrosion inhibitors.Ma migratory corrosion inhibitors amapezekanso omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ku konkire yowuma koma izi sizophatikiza.
Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti kulimbikitsa dzimbiri ndikugwetsa dzimbiri chifukwa cha ma ingress a ayoni a kloridi kudzera mu konkire yophimba ndikufalikira mpaka kuchitsulo chophatikizidwa.Ngakhale ma corrosion inhibitors amatha kukweza chitsulo, si njira ina yopangira konkire yosatha, yolimba yomwe imalepheretsa kufalikira kwa chloride.
Mpweya wa carbonation wa konkriti umapangitsa kutsika kwa alkalinity kuzungulira chitsulo ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutayika komwe kungayambitsenso kukhazikika kwambiri.Corrosion inhibitors angathandize kupewa kuukira kwamtunduwu.
Ma Corrosion inhibitors amatha kuchepetsa kwambiri mtengo wokonza zomangira konkriti pazaka zonse za 30 - 40.Mapangidwe omwe ali pachiwopsezo kwambiri ndi omwe amakumana ndi malo am'madzi kapena nthawi zina pomwe kloridi imalowa mu konkriti.Zomangamangazi zimaphatikizapo milatho, tunnel, zomera zamafakitale, ma jeti, ma wharves, ma dolphin okwera ndi makoma am'nyanja.Zomangamanga za misewu yayikulu zitha kukhudzidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mchere wochotsa icing m'miyezi yozizira, monga momwe amachitira malo oimika magalimoto okhala ndi nsanjika zambiri pomwe madzi odzaza mchere amadontha magalimoto ndikutuluka nthunzi pansi.

Zosakaniza za konkriti za thovu
Kumvetsetsa Concrete Admixtures - Foamed Concrete Admixtures ndi surfactants omwe amasungunuka ndi madzi asanadutse yankho kudzera mu jenereta ya thovu yomwe imapanga chithovu chokhazikika, chofanana ndi zonona zometa.Chithovu choyambirirachi chimaphatikizidwa mumatope a simenti mu kuchuluka komwe kumatulutsa kachulukidwe kofunikira mumtondo wa thovu (omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa konkire ya thovu).
Low Density Fill Admixtures nawonso amapangidwanso koma amawonjezedwa mwachindunji mumchenga wolemera, simenti wocheperako kuti apereke mpweya wa 15 mpaka 25%.Izi otsika kachulukidwe kudzaza;Chomwe chimatchedwanso Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM), chili ndi mphamvu zoyenda bwino ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito podzaza ngalande ndi ntchito zina zofananira zotsika zopanda mphamvu.

Kuti mumve zambiri komanso kupempha mtengo wamtengo wapatali, chonde omasuka kulumikizana ndi gulu lathu lazogulitsa.